Weight down the plastic cover to provide a tight seal so that all air is excluded. 0000009027 00000 n Bushels = 0.314 x diameter x diameter x average depth of grain (all in feet) for ear corn, Bushels = width x length x average depth of grain (all in feet) x density (same values as previous), Bushels = Pi x diameter x diameter x depth of grain (all in feet) x density x (1 - % moisture) / .845, for number 2 shelled corn or ground ear corn There are a few cautions to be taken here: haylage does not move well and a puncture to the plastic will result in spoilage. 0000002315 00000 n Wrapped bales, for example, can vary in moisture from 30 to over 60 percent. 0000021954 00000 n This is called custom work and needs to be planned ahead of time. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Haylage is made by baling the forage when wet (45-55% moisture) then wrapping it to get proper fermentation by excluding air. See what youve got at 6 weeks. 0000043684 00000 n Bales of this type are often available in small quantities at local farm stores and building supply stores. In the previously mentioned Wisconsin study, the average weight of a 4-foot by 5-foot legume bale was 986 pounds. They are often preferred when the bale is going to be shipped long distances, since their density lowers shipping costs and makes it easier to build a secure load. Although heavier than two string bales, they can be handled by one or two people without special equipment. Haylage does require more mechanized handling to make and feed and is heavier per bale than hay. Haylage is fermented hay. 0000020068 00000 n It takes much longer per bale to individually wrap and uses quite a bit more plastic per bale. Round hay bales are usually quite large and weigh from 600 to 1,600 lbs (272 kg to 544 kg). By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. If you need to convert to cubic feet from meters/metres: multiply your final number by 35.31. Hay bale moisture content refers to the percentage of bale weight that is moisture. The plastic is cut so that it lays flat on the floor and removed when the haylage is fed. In addition, this example will assume an average forage density of 5.0 lbs DM/ft and a forage dry matter of 40%. Now the naturally occurring bacteria that like to grow in anaerobic conditions start to grow. Haylage is baled at 40-60% moisture, it is essentially a wet bale of wilted forage. You missed your window. But there are variables, and they make a big difference. 0000002571 00000 n You know, from the information above, a cubic foot of concrete weighs 150 pounds. Size: 3 ft. x 4 ft. x 8 ft. Large square bales have been around for about 40 years. 260 Heady Hall Many people use the words haylage and baleage interchangeably. Given the number of variables that determine the actual bale weight, buying and selling large round bales based on a weight guess is likely going to result in a transaction that is either above or below market value. There are two standard guides for determining the weight and volume of corn silage. Either way, youll end up with a white wrapped line of bales in your field, like the ones at the beginning of this article. Tons of dry matter = 0.000393 x diameter x diameter x average depth of silage (all in feet) x (8.0 + (0.15 x depth)) for corn silage They are popular with horse owners, small animal breeders, landscapers, and anywhere that manual handling is required or where only smaller quantities of hay are needed. I like dry hay and actually prefer feeding dry hay to some of our animals. These large bales have replaced their smaller counterparts on many farms and hay growing operations.. In vertical silos, bulk density is close to 20 pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft 3) at the top and 60 lb/ft 3 or more near the base. Then just like making dry hay you wait for the forage to dry down. x Some sellers consistently weighed their bale loads, which made my life easier, while others always sold their wares by the bale. 0000006056 00000 n It is important to determine the fill height for each load so that the correct volume is computed. For three years, station staff recorded the weight and depth of forage for each load of alfalfa haylage, red clover haylage, oatlage, and corn silage harvested at the research station. . If the earlage is harvested while the corn is too wet, dry-matter yields will be reduced and seepage losses will be higher. The bales must be stored away from the eaters. The individual wrapper is handy for farms not using the bales very quickly. Also needed is a wrapper, tube or individual, and a loader or skid steer to get the bale into the wrapper. Dont leave the netting out there, they might eat it. 0000024189 00000 n Measurements should be taken on each chopper box to determine the width and length. Large square hay bales and round hay bales require bale handling equipment such as a tractor with a bale lift. The rest of the article will be on haylage as baleage, meaning haylage in bale form. Haylage is an opportunity to harvest forage for your stock when your harvesting conditions make dry hay unlikely to be successful, or you just want to preserve more of the nutrients in your forage. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions. That will seem very wet if you are used to dry hay. It can be any bale size or shape, the most common shape around here being round baled. Horizontal silos, bag silos, and stacks require mechanical compaction to achieve adequate . Making haylage starts out like making any other normal hay, you cut the forage with a mower to get the long stems to start to dry. The catch with haylage is that being baled is just step one, it must be wrapped ASAP, no joke. Haylage is fermented moist hay. Haylage will have a higher protein value than dry hay. It often ranges from 9 to 12 pounds per cubic foot. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". When the density of haylage or corn silage in a forage box is known, an estimate of the total forage weight in a chopper box can be calculated by multiplying the chopper box volume by the forage density. Short version: The pounds of silage in the silo is calculated by multiplying: Length (ft) x width (ft) x depth (ft) x density (lb/cu-ft) at the final moisture content. How Moisture Content Affects Hay Bale Weight Fresh baled hay: 18% to 20% moisture by weight. Short distance transport is done with special wagons and trailers. 1 Capacity based on 16 lbs. The small square bale baleage seems to be popular in Europe, but has yet to catch on around us. Its fairly intuitive that size of the bale will impact bale weight, but what may be overlooked is the degree of change that occurs when a bale is only 1 foot wider or 1 foot more in diameter. Snow that has been sitting for a few days under normal conditions will usually weigh around 15 pounds per cubic foot. Some people even use squares, both small and large, as baleage. If loads are always filled to a uniform height in the forage box, an average height measurement can be used. Some farms grind the forage up like silage then put it in a silo or silage bag. Now the haylage has to cure, meaning ferment for a while to turn into haylage. Once you open a tube of bales there is always an open side to the next bale in line. (If you find any errors please contact us). 0000028236 00000 n You will need a loader or a skid steer to put the bales into the tube wrapper. Some farms make haylage like silage-chop it up and put it in a silo. Hay bales can weigh from 40 lbs to 2,000 lbs (18 kg to 907 kg). Rectangular: Gallons = length x width x height (all in feet) x 7.5 gallons per cubic foot 0000011521 00000 n However, this level of density was set as a minimum. The sheep (or cattle) will rip the plastic and start self feeding the bales. Looks ready to bale dry? Use Table 5 to adjust for other moisture levels. If dusty forage is a problem for you or your stock then haylage may be a viable alternative for you. One suggestion for helping to determine the depth of fill in a forage box is to make permanent marks on 1/2 ft intervals on the side of the forage box. Small square bales have been around the longest, over 100 years. Connect with your County Extension Office , Find an Extension employee in our staff directory , Get the latest news and updates on Extension's work around the state, Feedback, questions or accessibility issues: info@extension.wisc.edu | 2023 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System Privacy Policy | Non-Discrimination Policy | Discrimination and Harassment Complaints | Disability Accommodation Requests | Civil Rights. Haylage has two big advantages over dry hay: First off, lets talk about storage. We also make Oatlage, which is a type of haylage made out of, you guessed it-oats. A cubic foot of water weighs about 62.3 pounds when the water's temperature is 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Two string bales were the most common hay bales for many years. When raising sheep, you occasionally get a sick one. link to Why Do Farmers Have Lambs In The Winter. This plastic is not as easy to find as the baling twine, so be sure to have a source located before you need it. Please check Cooking Ingredience Conversion and Weight to Volume Conversion. Weights of Metals with Industrial Applications (Metal Density in US Units and Metric); Metal: Pounds per Cubic Foot lb/ft: Pounds per Cubic Inch lb/in: Kilograms per Cubic Meter kg/m: Grams per Cubic Centimeter g/cm: Aluminum: 168.6 lb/ft: 0.098 lb/in: 2,700 kg/m: 2.70 g/cm Forage moisture also plays a role in bale weight but to a lesser degree than bale density unless bales are extremely dry or wet. Here is where haylage making veers off of normal hay making, you only want the haylage to dry down to 45-55% moisture. Definitions For the eastern half of the U.S., harvesting high quality hay is a challenge. The standard deviation of forage density in this study was 0.8 lbs. Still looking freshly cut? Size:: 18 x 14 x 36 -- weight: 120 to 180 lbs. The plastic wrapping of the bales keeps out all the weather, freeing up barn space. Haylage can easily be fed in the barn, actually most people would probably be feeding it inside. We put the bale in the end of the barn with the tractor, then cut the plastic and remove the netting while inside. Privacy Policy. Average depth of grain = height of grain on the outside wall of the bin plus one-third the height of the grain cone (from the top of the grain on the outside wall to the highest tip in the center) Let's say we have 15 cubic meters of Portland concrete. Tons of wet silage or haylage = tons of dry matter / (1 - % moisture) Unfortunately, for a variety of reasons, large rounds are often sold by the bale based on the buyer or sellers estimate of weight. Density = 0.8 bushels per cubic foot for corn or soybeans Normally, there is enough of a dew on the grass in the morning that waiting until early afternoon to start raking, the prebaling step, is very normal. Yikes, high stress and low quality results! Iowa State University Three decades ago it was thought that effective starch utilization occurred if the corn kernel was merely nicked or broken. Most people use two tractors to make haylage. University of Wisconsin Board of Regents, 2000, Daniel Wiersma, UW-Madison, Marshfield Agricultural Research Station 0000004282 00000 n Haylage is forage that is cut, baled moist and wrapped in plastic to ferment. 0000002795 00000 n For us, north central Ohio, this hay making window is at least three days of clear weather. 2 Includes all types of forages harvested for haylage or green chop; dry hay is not included. DM per cubic foot 2 Capacity based on 13 lbs. Here's an example. They will step on it and poop on it, making it unsuitable to roll out later. The wet bale is wrapped in plastic. Sixty to 65 percent dry matter, with 35 to 40 percent moisture (for the harvested material), is best. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Table 3 shows that there are 470 cubic feet per ton of settled alfalfa c. 7,200 470 = 15 tons of hay 3. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Haylage is made by baling the forage when wet (45-55% moisture) then wrapping it to get proper fermentation by excluding air. This is a big deal for us, we dont have a lot of barn space that is hay friendly and tractor accessible, meaning any hay that we put inside must be able to be moved by hand. Diameter - distance across a round structure How good are these estimates? 518 Farm House Lane Density = 5.90 + (0.1 x depth of haylage) (in feet) = tons of dry matter per cubic foot for haylage (density increases with the depth of the haylage) This example uses a wagon measuring 8-ft wide by 16-ft long and having an average fill depth of 6-ft. Reference: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Yearbook. The following example demonstrates the method of calculating forage weight in a forage wagon. Weight: from 1,000 to 2,200 lbs. Given the choice, I prefer a wet year to a dry one. Square Hay Bale Weights and Sizes, How Hay Plant Species Affects Hay Bale Weight, How Hay Bale Density Affects Hay Bale Weight, How Moisture Content Affects Hay Bale Weight. Density = 5.4 + (0.28 x depth of haylage) (in feet) = tons of dry matter per cubic foot for haylage (density increases with the depth of the haylage)

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